Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes: Complex phenotypes, challenging diagnoses, and poorly understood causes

Thrombosis – Besieged but Poorly Understood

In biology, thrombosis is a mechanism of maintaining the integrity of biological surfaces in higher mammals, limiting fluid loss, and facilitating the recognition, containment, and destruction of pathogens and foreign materials by a scaffold of fibrin and DNA strands. However, thrombosis may also lead to vascular occlusion and subsequent tissue damage. In medicine, thrombosis is a hallmark of l...

Premenstrual asthma: still poorly understood.

Oligonucleotide microarrays: widely applied--poorly understood.

Microarray technology, which has been around for almost two decades, now provides an indispensable service to the biomedical research community. Soaring demand for high-throughput screening of genes potentially associated with cancer and other diseases, as well as the increased need for identifying microorganisms, have substantially opened up the application of this technology to many fields of...

Poorly understood pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Nephrogenic ascites: a poorly understood syndrome.

Nephrogenic ascites is a condition characterized by the presence of massive ascites in a patient with ESRD. Neither the exact cause nor the pathogenesis of ascites formation is clearly understood. Patients frequently present with hypertension, moderate to massive ascites, minimal extremity edema, cachexia, and a history of dialysis-associated hypotension. The ascitic fluid is typically an exuda...